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<TABLE align=right><TR><TD><FONT face=verdana size=0><A HREF="gramch28.html">CHAPTER 28</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<CENTER><B>EXERCISES for Chapter 28</B></CENTER></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><P>

<A NAME="1"></A>
1. Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, and to the
presence of inverted word order, fill in the blanks with the correct
coordinate conjunctions chosen from the pairs given in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I would like to come, ___ I do not have time. (but, nor)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I would like to come, <U>but</U> I do not have time.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has not written, ___ has he called me. (but, nor)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has not written, <U>nor</U> has he called me.<BR>
<BR>
1. I opened the door _________ looked out. (and, yet)<BR>
2. She was not in the back yard, _________ was she upstairs. (or, nor)<BR>
3. The sun had set, _________ it was still light outside. (or, yet)<BR>
4. Do you know his address _________ telephone number? (but, or)<BR>
5. He has not arrived yet, _________ have they. (and, nor)<BR>
6. I read the book, _________ did not understand it. (but, or)<BR>
7. We searched diligently, ________ found nothing. (or, yet)<BR>
8. I invited him _________ his friends. (and, but)<BR>
<A HREF="#a1">Answers</A>
<A NAME="2"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
2. Paying attention to the expressions used in the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the words <B>and</B>, <B>but also</B>, <B>nor</B>, <B>or</B>, <B>than</B>, <B>then</B> and <B>when</B>, as appropriate. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We should either walk quickly __ take the bus.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We should either walk quickly <U>or</U> take the bus.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I had scarcely sat down ____ the telephone rang.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I had scarcely sat down <U>when</U> the telephone rang.<BR>
<BR>
1. I have both respect _________ admiration for them.<BR>
2. Hardly had I finished reading over the problem, _________ the answer leapt to my mind.<BR>
3. It will rain either today _________ tomorrow.<BR>
4. He could not decide whether to tell the truth _________ keep silent.<BR>
5. It was not only a beautiful day, ___________ the first day of Spring.<BR>
6. If you follow the instructions, __________ you should have no difficulty.<BR>
7. He is neither proud _________ condescending.<BR>
8. What with one thing _________ another, it was very late by the time we left the house.<BR>
9. No sooner had I opened my eyes, _________ I remembered where I was.<BR>
10. Scarcely had I heard the news, _________ my friend arrived.<BR>
11. I do not know whether he has seen the movie before ________ not.<BR>
12. I would rather wait here _________ risk missing the bus.<BR>
13. She could find the book neither at the Library, _________ at the
bookstore.<BR>
14. No sooner had I opened the window, _________ a butterfly flew into the room.<BR>
15. The crowd was both large _________ enthusiastic.<BR>
<A HREF="#a2">Answers</A>
<A NAME="3"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
3. Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the
blanks with the correct subordinate conjunctions or similar expressions chosen from the pairs given in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I went for a walk _______ the sun was shining. (because, otherwise)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I went for a walk <U>because</U> the sun was shining.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Do you know _______ the stores are open today? (as if, whether)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Do you know <U>whether</U> the stores are open today?<BR>
<BR>
1. We recognized her at once, ____________ we had not seen her for years. (although, in case)<BR>
2. He kept reading ___________ he fell asleep. (for, until)<BR>
3. The moon will rise ____________ the sun sets. (as soon as, than)<BR>
4. It looks ____________ the train will be late. (while, as though)<BR>
5. ____________ she got her degree, she became a teacher. (After, Than)<BR>
6. We will not go skiing ____________ the weather is good. (as if, unless)<BR>
7. ____________ he left, he made sure he had his keys with him. (Before, For)<BR>
8. ____________ I told the truth, you would not believe me. (Even if, So that)<BR>
9. They have known her ___________ she was a child. (until, since)<BR>
10. I must leave now, ____________ I have a great deal of work to do.
(as, than)<BR>
11. What shall we do ____________ it rains? (or else, supposing)<BR>
12. ____________ you read this book, you would be sure to enjoy it.
(If, Until)<BR>
13. The door was open, ____________ we could hear everything. (in case, so)<BR>
14. I studied more ____________ he did. (than, whereas)<BR>
15. We packed a lunch, ____________ we knew we would soon be hungry.
(lest, for)<BR>
16. I will join you, ____________ the weather is fine. (providing, than)<BR>
17. ____________ he is very busy, he is seldom at home. (Or else, Because)<BR>
18. We must hurry, ___________ we will be late. (so that, or else)<BR>
<A HREF="#a3">Answers</A>
<A NAME="4"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
4. For each of the following sentences, paying attention to the structure of the sentence, fill in the blank with either the conjunction or the preposition given in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; _______ my warning, they went ahead with their plan. (Although, Despite)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Despite</U> my warning, they went ahead with their plan.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ________ the sun was shining, the water was cold. (Although, Despite)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Although</U> the sun was shining, the water was cold.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The price of oranges is high, __________ frost damage. (because, because of)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The price of oranges is high, <U>because of</U> frost damage. (because, because of)<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I went to see the play, _______ it had good reviews. (because, because of)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I went to see the play, <U>because</U> it had good reviews. (because, because of)<BR>
<BR>
1. We stayed up late, ____________ we were tired. (although, despite)<BR>
2. They went swimming, ____________ the coldness of the water.
(although, despite)<BR>
3. I enjoy the course, ____________ the professor is a good teacher.
(because, because of)<BR>
4. She looks ___________ your sister. (as if, like)<BR>
5. Please wait ___________ I make a phone call. (during, while)<BR>
6. Did you hear any noises ____________ the night? (during, while)<BR>
7. It looked ____________ we would not be able to leave until the next day. (as if, like)<BR>
8. We all felt tired ____________ the hot weather. (because, because of)<BR>
9. I read a book ___________ I was waiting. (during, while)<BR>
10. Her eyes shone _____________ stars. (as if, like)<BR>
11. They managed to work together, ___________ their differences of
opinion. (although, despite)<BR>
12. I left home early, ____________ I had to do several errands.
(because, because of)<BR>
13. He speaks about the subject ____________ he were an expert. (as if, like)<BR>
14. We rested ____________ the hottest part of the day. (during, while)<BR>
15. ____________ she lost her way twice, she arrived safely.
(Although, Despite)<BR>
16. ____________ their interest in comets, they decided to study astronomy. (Because, Because of)<BR>
<A HREF="#a4">Answers</A>
<A NAME="5"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
5. Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the correct connecting adverbs chosen from the pairs given in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Will you come with me? _________ I shall have to go alone. (Also, Otherwise)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Will you come with me? <U>Otherwise</U> I shall have to go alone.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She is kind. _______, she is rather forgetful. (However, Consequently)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She is kind. <U>However</U>, she is rather forgetful.<BR>
<BR>
1. The work was new to me. ____________, it did not seem difficult. (Consequently, Nevertheless)<BR>
2. Continue along Queen Street. ____________ turn left. (Then, Therefore)<BR>
3. It was very misty. ______________, we could not get a clear view of the mountain. (Hence, However)<BR>
4. We had walked several miles. ____________, we did not feel tired.
(Accordingly, Still)<BR>
5. She is a talented actress. ____________, she is very beautiful.
(Moreover, Thus)<BR>
6. We take the bus every day. __________, we are familiar with the  bus route. (Nevertheless, Thus)<BR>
7. The child was sleepy. ______________, we went home early.
(Otherwise, Therefore)<BR>
8. The food was delicious. _____________, the service was excellent.
(Likewise, Nevertheless)<BR>
9. We looked everywhere. _____________, we could not find the keys.
(However, Thus)<BR>
10. The book is long. _____________, the vocabulary is difficult. (Consequently, Furthermore)<BR>
11. Luckily, the moon was bright. ______________, we could not have
seen the path. (Accordingly, Otherwise)<BR>
12. He is old. _____________, his mind is still active. (Nonetheless,
Therefore)<BR>
<A HREF="#a5">Answers</A>
<A NAME="6"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
6. Paying attention to the structure of the sentences, fill in the 
blanks with the conjunctions or connecting adverbs given in brackets.
Make sure that the sentences conform to the rules of correct formal 
English. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It was very hot. ____________, we decided to go swimming. 
(Consequently, So)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It was very hot. <U>Consequently</U>, we decided to go swimming.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It was very hot, __ we decided to go swimming. (Consequently, So)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It was very hot, <U>so</U> we decided to go swimming.<BR>
<BR>
1. I have invited him. ____________, I have invited his sister. (Also, And)<BR>
2. He walked up to the door ____________ knocked. (and, likewise)<BR>
3. The bus fare is expensive; ____________, I prefer to walk. (so, therefore)<BR>
4. She is well-educated. ____________, she has very good manners.
(And, Besides)<BR>
5. I would rather travel by train, ___________ the bus leaves earlier. (but, however)<BR>
6. We were born in this village; ____________, we know everyone here.
(hence, so that)<BR>
7. Put less wood on the fire, ___________ it will be too smoky.
(or, otherwise)<BR>
8. They got off the train. __________ they began to search for a hotel. (And, Then)<BR>
9. She studied for many months; ____________, she knew the material thoroughly. (consequently, so that)<BR>
10. The weather was hot; ____________, the air was humid. (and, moreover)<BR>
11. Please come with us, ____________ I can introduce you to my friends. (thus, so that)<BR>
12. The sun was warm, ____________ a cool breeze blew in from the sea. (but, however)<BR>
13. I have read this book before; ____________, I do not remember the plot. (but, however)<BR>
14. They were hot ____________ tired. (also, and)<BR>
15. The door was locked; ____________, we would have waited inside.
(or, otherwise)<BR>
16. I have known her for many years; ____________, I understand her
character well. (so that, thus)<BR>
17. We opened the window ____________ fresh air would blow into the room. (consequently, so that)<BR>
18. He is ignorant; ____________, he is lazy. (and, furthermore)<BR>
19. They visited many stores; ___________, they could not find what
they were looking for. (but, however)<BR>
20. You should go to sleep now, ____________ you will be tired tomorrow. (or, otherwise)<BR>
21. I was worried; ___________, I was determined not to show it.
(but, nevertheless)<BR>
<A HREF="#a6">Answers</A>
<A NAME="7"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
7. The following sentences are incorrect, because they contain correlative conjunctions, but do not use parallel construction. Rewrite the sentences correctly, using parallel construction. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He owns both a typewriter and he has a word processor.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Corrected</U>: He owns both a typewriter and a word processor.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I prefer either to read or going hiking.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Corrected</U>: I prefer either to read or to go hiking.<BR>
<BR>
1. The train proceeded neither quickly nor was it smooth.<BR>
2. They will leave either today or they will go tomorrow.<BR>
3. The child hates both getting up in the morning and to go to bed at night.<BR>
4. She is neither kind nor has patience.<BR>
5. He is not only talented, but also he has charm.<BR>
6. The street is lined with both oak trees and there are elm trees.<BR>
7. The lecture was not only very long but also it was very dull.<BR>
8. You should either eat less, or should exercise more.<BR>
9. I am not only proud to be here, but also feel happy to meet you.<BR>
10. The town is both historical and it is picturesque.<BR>
<A HREF="#a7">Answers</A>
<A NAME="8"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
8. The following sentences are incorrect, because they present lists of ideas, but do not use parallel construction. Rewrite the sentences correctly, using parallel construction. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The air was cool, dry, and was clear.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Corrected</U>: The air was cool, dry, and clear.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has started making kites and to fly them.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>Corrected</U>: He has started making kites and flying them.<BR>
<BR>
1. We walked out of the door, down the steps and went across the street.<BR>
2. She loves singing, dancing and to play the piano.<BR>
3. The wind moaned, shrieked and was howling.<BR>
4. The music was fast, brilliant and sounded exciting.<BR>
5. He proposes to borrow money, open a store and going into business.<BR>
6. The town boasts four libraries, two theaters and there are many schools.<BR>
7. The clouds were thick, black and looked threatening.<BR>
8. He likes running, jumping and to ride a bicycle.<BR>
9. They worked carefully, quickly and were quiet.<BR>
10. The vegetables were fresh, tender and tasted delicious.<BR>
<A HREF="#a8">Answers</A>
<BR>

&nbsp;<BR>
<TABLE cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width="90%"><TR><TD BGCOLOR="#111111">
<FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
<CENTER><B>ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapter 28</B></CENTER></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><P>
<A NAME="a1"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#1">Exercise 1</A>:<BR>
1. and 2. nor 3. yet 4. or 5. nor 6. but 7. yet 8. and<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a2"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#2">Exercise 2</A>:<BR>
1. and 2. when 3. or 4. or 5. but also 6. then 7. nor 8. and
9. than 10. when 11. or 12. than 13. nor 14. than 15. and<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a3"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#3">Exercise 3</A>:<BR>
1. although 2. until 3. as soon as 4. as though 5. After 
6. unless 7. Before 8. Even if 9. since 10. as 11. supposing 
12. If 13. so 14. than 15. for 16. providing 17. Because 
18. or else<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a4"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#4">Exercise 4</A>:<BR>
1. although 2. despite 3. because 4. like 5. while 6. during 
7. as if 8. because of 9. while 10. like 11. despite 12. because 
13. as if 14. during 15. Although 16. Because of<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a5"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#5">Exercise 5</A>:<BR>
1. Nevertheless 2. Then 3. Hence 4. Still 5. Moreover 6. Thus 
7. Therefore 8. Likewise 9. However 10. Furthermore 11. Otherwise 
12. Nonetheless<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a6"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#6">Exercise 6</A>:<BR>
1. Also 2. and 3. therefore 4. Besides 5. but 6. hence 7. or 
8. Then 9. consequently 10. moreover 11. so that 12. but 13. however 
14. and 15. otherwise 16. thus 17. so that 18. furthermore 19. however 20. or 21. nevertheless<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a7"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#7">Exercise 7</A>:<BR>
1. The train proceeded neither quickly nor <U>smoothly</U>. 2. They will leave either today or <U>tomorrow</U>. 3. The child hates both getting up in
the morning and <U>going to bed at night</U>. 4. She is neither kind nor <U>patient</U>. 
5. He is not only talented, but also <U>charming</U>. 6. The street is lined with both oak trees and <U>elm trees</U>. 7. The lecture was not only very long but also <U>very dull</U>. 8. You should either eat less, or <U>exercise more</U>. 
9. I am not only proud to be here, but also <U>happy to meet you</U>. 
10. The town is both historical and <U>picturesque</U>.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a8"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#8">Exercise 8</A>:<BR>
1. We walked out of the door, down the steps and <U>across the street</U>. 
2. She loves singing, dancing and <U>playing the piano</U>. 3. The wind moaned, shrieked and <U>howled</U>. 4. The music was fast, brilliant and <U>exciting</U>. 
5. He proposes to borrow money, open a store and <U>go into business</U>. 
6. The town boasts four libraries, two theaters and <U>many schools</U>. 
7. The clouds were thick, black and <U>threatening</U>. 8. He likes running, 
jumping and <U>riding a bicycle</U>. 9. They worked carefully, quickly and <U>quietly</U>. 10. The vegetables were fresh, tender and <U>delicious</U>.<BR>
<BR>

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